The Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management propose to develop and implement a scientifically sound, ecosystem-based management strategy for lands they administer in eastern Oregon and Washington. A new strategy is proposed to meet dual needs of restoring and maintaining ecosystem health while sustaining a flow of goods and services from these lands to support people's needs. Two 'no action' alternatives, which would not meet these needs, were analyzed. Five management alternatives were developed and analyzed to meet the dual needs of the proposed action. The selected alternative will best achieve a combination of the following: restoring long-term ecosystem health and ecological integrity, supporting people's economic and/or social needs, providing consistent direction to federal managers within a broad ecological context, and emphasizing adaptive management over the long term. Mitigation of adverse effects has been incorporated into the Preferred Alternative. Monitoring, determined to be an important part of adaptive management, is outlined in the Implementation Framework appendix.