Public Enterprises (PEs), especially in several developing countries, face many problems, including poor management of the interface between government and the PEs, unclear or multiple objectives, nepotism and poor remuneration. The performance of those PEs, which for one reason or another must remain in the public sector, continues to be a source of concern to stakeholders. This book sets out in some detail the mechanisms for determining enterprise performance and a framework for assessing enterprise productivity across the board. It explains the concept and methodology of the performance contracting system and provides case studies from five countries to clarify the approach.