Application of biomarkers to epidemiology - Transitional studies - Logistic and design issues in the use of biological sampels in observational epidemiology - Methodological issue : cohort studies - Study design and analysis - Sources of variation in biomarkers - Effects of biomarker measurement error on epidemiological studies - Markers of internal dose : chemical agents - Biochemical markers of dietary intake / for biological agents - Carcinogen-DNA and carcinogen-protein adducts in molecular epidemiology - Somatic cell mutations - Tumour markers - Quality control of biomarker measurement in epidemiology - Sample collection - genetics of human cancer - Gene-environment interactions - Surrogate end-points in cancer research - Biomarker end-points in cancer chemoiprevention trials - predictive early-outcome measure in epidemiological research - Oesophagus and skin cancer as models - Comparing measurements of biomarkers with other biomarkers in other measurements of exposure - Ethcial and social issues in the use of biomarkers in epidemiological studies